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Provenance Contexts

Use and preservation of ada in Benin

[ IN PROGRESS] Collection Barbier-Mueller at the quai Branly

[ IN PROGRESS] High chance of lost provenance

[IN PROGRESS] 'Fakes', 'copies' and the presence of modern Benin pieces on the market and in museums

[IN PROGRESS] 21st century developments, Benin. Kings and Rituals and the development of the Benin Dialogue Group (2007 onwards)

[IN PROGRESS] Acquisition Policy of the MAAO in Paris

[IN PROGRESS] Activism and the restitution of return of Emwin Arre in the 20th and 21st centuries

[IN PROGRESS] Benin objects acquired by museums before 1897

[IN PROGRESS] Benin objects in private collections

[IN PROGRESS] Burning of the Ọba Palace and Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Cases and potential cases of looted Jewish collections

[IN PROGRESS] Cases of lost knowledge on object's lives before 1897

[IN PROGRESS] Clay uhunmwu-elao produced in the 20th century

[IN PROGRESS] Colonial military campaigns in Nigeria

[IN PROGRESS] Commissions to Edo craftsmen after February 1897 in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Conservation and treatments in museum settings

[IN PROGRESS] Damage, destruction and loss during the Second World War

[IN PROGRESS] Dealers, collectors and museums inventory numbers, labels and additions

[IN PROGRESS] Diplomatic gifts and ivories

[IN PROGRESS] Display and preservation of the Ama-Ẹrọnmwọn in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Dutch Colonial Collections Policy and development of Committee

[IN PROGRESS] European copies, pieces 'in the style' of Benin objects and European objects in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Fragments, broken and altered objects

[IN PROGRESS] Gazette declaring the Oba of Benin’s ownership of restituted Benin royal artefacts

[IN PROGRESS] Iconoclasm and the extraction of cultural artefacts after 1899

[IN PROGRESS] Ivory artefacts in particular tusks

[IN PROGRESS] Joint Declaration on the Return of Benin Bronzes and Bilateral Museum Cooperation

[IN PROGRESS] Looting of the Benin Ama-Ẹrọnmwọn (plaques)

[IN PROGRESS] Looting of the Iy’Ọba palace in February 1897

[IN PROGRESS] Looting of the wooden objects in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Lootings and extraction of objects during the 'Aro Expedition

[IN PROGRESS] Lower Niger Bronzes & objects from regions near Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Museum types and Benin collections

[IN PROGRESS] Objects possibly looted or appropriated after February 1897 in Benin (until 1899)

[IN PROGRESS] Objects selected and produced for the Wembley British Empire Exhibition

[IN PROGRESS] Prize, trophies and loot

[IN PROGRESS] Production of Obele in Southern Nigeria

[IN PROGRESS] Production of wooden uhunmwu-elao in the 20th century in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Productions of imakhe (potters)

[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Emada

[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Enisẹn

[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Igbesamwan guild in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Igun-Ematon guild

[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Igun-Ẹrọnmwọn guild

[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Ikpema guild in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Isekpokin guild

[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Owina (royal court weavers guild)

[IN PROGRESS] Reign of Ọba Ovonramwẹ (c. 1888 - 1914AD)

[IN PROGRESS] Reign of Ọba Ẹsigie

[IN PROGRESS] Restitution Study Group and restitution

[IN PROGRESS] The case of American public collections: from scientific specimens to the art museum

[IN PROGRESS] The case of Nigerian public collections: buying back the Benin bronzes

[IN PROGRESS] The development of an art market for the Benin pieces - the case of France

[IN PROGRESS] The development of the American art market for Benin pieces (1950’s - 1970’s)

[IN PROGRESS] The global art market and museum acquisitions since the 1960s

[IN PROGRESS] The market for Benin objects in Benin City and Nigeria in the 20th century

[IN PROGRESS] The market for Benin “spoils” and early museum acquisitions in Great Britain (1897-1930s)

[IN PROGRESS] The market for ethnographica, Benin objects, and early museum acquisitions in Germany (1897-1930s)

[IN PROGRESS] The primary and the secondary market: members of the expedition and early collectors

[IN PROGRESS] The undocumented distribution of looted materials

[IN PROGRESS] Trophy-making and the addition of plaques and labels relating objects to the military campaign

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of Abokpo in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of Akhẹ and Akhẹ Amẹ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of Akhẹ Osun in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of Akuọghọ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of Ehiamwen Ivin in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of Ighẹghan in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of Isẹ vbe ẹigho in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of aga in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of agba in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of agbada in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ahianmwẹ-ọrọ in Benin.

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of aken'ni elao in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of akohẹn/oko in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of anwa / akpoka in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of aquamaniles in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of aro ododua in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of asigbe in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of asoro in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of bronze okpia in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ebẹn in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of egba in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of egogo in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ekpoki in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of elubasẹ / isevbere

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of emwiegbe in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of erhẹ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of erhu in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of eroro in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ewua in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of horns in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of horse rider figures in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ibierugha in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ikẹgobọ in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ikoro in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ikpakohen in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ikpin in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of isẹ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ivbiotọ in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of okhuo figures in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of okporhu, iyeọkhọkhọ and Ahianmwẹn in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of oroka in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of osogan in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of oyiya in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of pendant plaques in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of staffs of office in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of stands in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ufere in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ugbẹkun in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ugbudian in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ugbugbe in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ughegbe in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of uhẹnhẹn / ekuyẹ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of uhunmwu elao ọghe Iy’ọba on altars in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of uhunmwu-elao in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of uhunmwu-ẹkuẹ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ukhurhẹ in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of uko ẹkhaẹ in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of uko in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of ukpu in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of umozo and ọhọ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of urhotọ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of urhukpa-ẹvbi in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of uru in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of uzokpo in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of Ọrhiẹvbẹ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use of akhiọn / ukoko in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use of aza in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use of azuwa in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use of ekpẹde in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use of ema in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use of ezuzu in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use of idẹnrhẹn in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use of ifẹnmwẹ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use of isanrẹn in Benin City

[IN PROGRESS] Use of ovazẹ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use of uhanbọ in Benin

[IN PROGRESS] Use of ukpọn during military festivals

[In PROGRESS] The role of the German and British shipping companies and traders

[In progress] Use and preservation of asa in Benin

[do not use IN PROGRESS] The role of German traders and diplomats active in the Niger Coast protectorate and in Lagos

[in progress] Use and preservation of Urua in Benin

[in progress] Use and preservation of ido in Benin

[in progress] Use and preservation of Ẹkpẹtin in Benin

[in progress] Use of Aghẹn in Benin

[in progress] Use of Uhunmwu-Ewawa in Benin

Sensitive Content

Digital Benin collates digital material from institutions, and some of this material is inherently colonial and contains words, terms and phrases that are inaccurate, derogatory and harmful towards African and African diasporic communities. Catalogue transcriptions, book titles, exhibition titles and museum titles may contain harmful terms. We recognise the potential for the material to cause physical and mental distress as well as evoke strong emotions. Owing to the scale of the collection’s data, a process to implement sensitive-content warnings in the displayed data is still incomplete. The material within the catalogue does not represent Digital Benin’s views. Digital Benin maintains a strong anti-colonial, anti-racist position and affirms its support for centring the humanity of historically marginalised and disenfranchised communities. Read more about the background of this statement here