ID
214775
Edo designations
English designations
Charm
Crotal Bell
Categories
Musical Instruments
Location
1 Adesogbe (Plymouth) Road, P.M.B. 1115, Benin City , Edo State
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Iconographies

1 annotations
Ikharo
Forehead markings

Ikharo are linear keloid markings depicted on the forehead of Uhunmwu-Elao (commemorative heads) in groups of three or four above each eye. The exact meaning of Ikharo is debated; some have argued that they relate to the gender or tribal identification of the person on whom they are depicted. For example, has argued that they were worn only by men; however, their use in depictions is not consistent with this, and the Iy’Ọba are also shown wearing them. argued that they are instead a stylistic feature employed by artists that varied over time.

The naming of these markings differs between publications. For example, describe these markings as “agbaguda n'ehae”, which they write translates literally as “blades of the forehead”. However, later went on to call these “ikharo”, as used here. referred to these forehead markings as ikharo, meaning “tribal mark [of eye]”.

1 annotation
Ikharo

Provenance

5 events
Production
unknown to February 22, 1897 (day approximate)
The object was produced by Unknown member(s) of the Igun-Ẹrọnmwọn guild in Benin City.
Looted
February 22, 1897 (day approximate) to June 1899 (year approximate)
The object was looted by February 1897 Unknown member of the British colonial military campaign on Benin from Benin Kingdom.
Unknown
February 22, 1897 (day approximate) to 1901
The object is known to have come into contact with Lüttge, later in Hamburg.
Purchase
1901
The object was purchased by the Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin from Lüttge from Hamburg to Berlin.
Restitution
August 25, 2022
The object was restituted by the Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin to the Omo n'Oba n'Edo Uku Akpolokpolo, Ọba of Benin & National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Nigeria through Hermann Parzinger and Abba Isa Tijani from Berlin to Nigeria.

Related archival documents

2 documents
See all
Date
Date

Institution data

Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
The data was transferred directly by the institution.
Last updated: 2021-06-14
Language: german
Institution fieldValue
ID
object id
214775
Sachbegriff
designation
Sachbegriff: Schelle; Sachbegriff: Menschliche Plastik
Titel
designation
Objektref.
description
III C 12534, Metallfigur; E 460/1901, Erwerbung: I/57/1901: III C 12534-12537, Ethnogr. (Benin), Fr. Lüttge -- Fr. Lüttge in Hamburg bietet Benin Altertümer zum Ankauf an. – 150M angewiesen, 1901, Fr. Lüttge (1901)
Texte Online
description
Online Beschreibung, [Benin_Königreich]
Material / Technik
material
Material: Messing; Ausgabe: Messing
Material / Technik // Alle
material
Messing, Messing
Maße
dimensions
17,00 x 6,20 cm
Objekttyp
object type
Musikinstrument
Sachbegr. Ausgabe
object type
Schelle
Anzahl Teile
object count
1
Datierung
date made
18. Jh. - 19. Jh.
Geogr. Bezüge
production place
Nigeria ( Land ); Benin ( Königreich )
Geogr. Bezüge // Alle
production place
Nigeria, Benin
Beteiligte
prior source
Fr. Lüttge (1901), Sammler
Beteiligte // (Name, Sortierung=kleinste)
prior source
Lüttge <Fr.>
Veräußerer
prior source
null
Erwerb. Notiz
provenance
Notiz: Rückführung Leipzig; Ausgabe: 18. Jh. - 19 Jh., möglicherweise Auftrag bei der Messinggießergilde Igun Eronmwon im Königreich Benin; in unbekanntem Besitz vor 1897; vermutlich geplündert im Zusammenhang mit der britischen Eroberung von Benin, 1897; in unbekanntem Besitz nach Feb. 1897; erworben vom Museum für Völkerkunde von Fr. Lüttge, 1901.
Verw. Institution
department and institution
Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
Erwerb. Datum
accession date
1901
Besitzart
accession method
Erwerbungsart
accession method
Ankauf
Digital Assets
images
III C 12534.JPG, Repro Digitalisat
Erwerb. Nr.
I/57/1901
Ident. Nr.
III C 12534
Ident. Nr. // (Sortiernr.)
0003 C 12534
Obj. Status
vorhanden
Sensitive Content

Digital Benin collates digital material from institutions, and some of this material is inherently colonial and contains words, terms and phrases that are inaccurate, derogatory and harmful towards African and African diasporic communities. Catalogue transcriptions, book titles, exhibition titles and museum titles may contain harmful terms. We recognise the potential for the material to cause physical and mental distress as well as evoke strong emotions. Owing to the scale of the collection’s data, a process to implement sensitive-content warnings in the displayed data is still incomplete. The material within the catalogue does not represent Digital Benin’s views. Digital Benin maintains a strong anti-colonial, anti-racist position and affirms its support for centring the humanity of historically marginalised and disenfranchised communities. Read more about the background of this statement here